藍光: 對眼睛有害嗎?

近年來,都市人生活總是離不開電子產品,令人關注這個電子世代會否為健康帶來潛在風險。

而其中一個熱門議題,便是電子產品釋出的藍光可能傷害視網膜,市面上形形色色的抗藍光產品也因此應運而生。現在就讓我們來深入探討一下藍光以及如何好好保護眼睛吧。

藍光是甚麼?

日常我們接觸到的可見光其實是一種光波,它是由紅、黃、綠、藍等不同顏色的光波所組成,接近紅光的光波長較長,而接近藍光的光波長較短。由於光波的能量與波長成反比,所以藍光會攜帶較多能量,藍光也因此被稱為「高能量可見光」。在電子產品盛行之前,我們早已由大自然接觸到藍光-太陽光是大自然的藍光來源。

不過,現今環境中陸續出現更多的人工藍光源,包括智能手機、電腦和其他電子產品的顯示屏以及LED燈等高效照明產品,這些產品發出的光線中,藍光的強度較其他顏色的光波高。雖然人工發出的藍光強度仍遠不及太陽光中的藍光,人們接觸人工藍光的時間卻更長且距離更短,暴露於過多藍光的問題依然不容忽視。


可見光光譜。圖片來源: http://www.allaboutvision.com/cvs/blue-light.htm

藍光的好與壞

由於對藍光的關注日增,人們便漸漸覺得需要盡量遠離藍光,甚至延伸至避免望到藍色的物件。事實上,適量的藍光對我們的視力和健康有益。

首先,藍色作為其中一種構成色覺的三原色,完全去掉藍光會令所有事物變黃,也會影響我們的色覺判斷。另外,接收藍光有助我們保持專注和記憶力,縱使睡前吸收過多藍光會影響生理時鐘,適量藍光也對我們維持生理時鐘十分重要。

由於藍光比其他可見光帶有更高能量,所以開始有人估計藍光可能損害視網膜細胞。有動物實驗顯示過量暴露在藍光下可以導致視網膜細胞受損,其他研究人員表示藍光過量有機會增加患上老年黃斑點病變風險,引致嚴重視力受損,但這推論尚待更有力的證據證實。

另一方面,藍光比其他顏色光更易散射,由電子屏幕發出的散射藍光會干擾我們的視覺影像質素,可能會導致眼睛疲勞。

高能量藍光 VS 藍色 VS 藍色光

高能量藍光可能影響眼睛健康。但可能有人會擔心,眼望藍色的物件會否影響眼睛呢? 其實我們說的高能量藍光是指由光源發出的、光線強度較強的藍光。藍色的物件是藍色,是因為光線射在物件時,其他顏色的光波均被吸收,唯獨藍色的光波被反射出來。

藍色物件本身不會發光,而且由於它不是一面鏡子,它反射出來的藍色光強度很低。至於藍色的光,就需要看看它的光源。如果它是由普通白光通過藍色濾鏡而成,藍色濾鏡會吸收光線中其他顏色並只讓藍色光波穿過,它不會額外增加藍光的能量,在同一光源下,有藍色濾鏡與否發出的藍光理應都差不多。如果光源是LED燈,即使它不是藍色,它依然會發出較強的高能量藍光。


日光及LED白光的光譜分佈。圖片來源: https://www.slrlounge.com/gear-review-fiilex-led-light/

藍光的保護措施

要完全遠離所有藍光來源,於現時的環境的確很難做到。雖然眼睛中的視網膜色素和細胞的新陳代謝減低了部分的藍光影響,將來的LED照明產品亦嘗試減少發出藍光,但我們仍值得考慮使用濾藍光產品保護眼睛。

不過,過濾藍光並不是單純的完全阻隔藍光,否則我們的色覺、大腦運作和生理時鐘會被打亂。市面上有光學鏡片能夠阻隔過多的高能量藍光,同時經研究證實不會影響視覺功能、夜間視力和睡眠質素。而且,適當的濾藍光鏡片能過濾容易散射的藍光,於使用電子產品時能減低眼睛疲勞。

不過,眼睛通過濾藍光鏡片看見的影像會輕微變黃,可能會影響設計師或藝術家的判斷,然而整體上對色覺判斷不會造成太大影響。

註冊眼科視光師(第一部份) 鄧光佑


以上護眼資訊由瑞士寶視光中心提供

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