老花的解決方法

中年人士經常受到老花問題困擾, 看近視力變得模糊不清。筆者曾在之前的網誌提及, 老花是跟年齡增長有關的正常變化, 並沒有預防老花的方法, 同時戴眼睛和閱讀方式等習慣對老花加深沒有影響。這樣的話, 老花患者應該怎樣解決看近模糊的問題呢? 老花眼鏡和漸進眼鏡又有甚麼分別? 有矯視手術矯正老花嗎? 現在就樣我們來探討一下。

老花眼鏡

要矯正老花, 最簡單的方法是配戴眼鏡。不過老花眼鏡其實可以細分為不同種類, 分別應付不同的視力需要, 它們大致上分為單光眼鏡、雙光眼鏡和漸進眼鏡。

1. 單光眼鏡

老花眼鏡中的單光眼鏡只能夠矯正單一距離的視力。例如一副閱讀用的單光眼鏡可以用來閱讀40厘米外的書本, 但不能夠用來走路和看電視。更甚的是, 如果你有數個不同距離的看近需要, 如在30厘米做針黹、在40厘米距離看書、在50厘米距離用電腦的話, 你便需要數副單光老花眼鏡了。

2. 雙光眼鏡

一副雙光眼鏡能夠同時矯正看遠和看近的視力。雙光眼鏡鏡片的主要部分是看遠度數, 在鏡片下方有一小部分打磨了看近度數作閱讀用途。雙光眼鏡比單光眼鏡更方便, 但鏡片的看近部分較礙眼, 同一時間雙光眼鏡沒有覆蓋中距離的視力度數, 無法滿足如電腦、畫畫和看樂譜等視力要求。

3. 漸進眼鏡

漸進眼鏡和雙光眼鏡一樣, 鏡片的主要部分是看遠度數, 看近度數位於鏡片下方。不過, 漸進眼鏡的遠近度數之間有一條過渡走廊, 容許看遠度數以循序漸進的方式轉為看近度數, 因此可以覆蓋度數為於遠近之間的中距離視力。另外, 漸進眼鏡的看近部分並不礙眼, 外觀比雙光眼鏡好。縱使漸進眼鏡比其他兩款老花眼鏡需要較長的適應時間, 但跟據美國眼科視光協會顯示, 大多數老花患者依然偏好漸進眼鏡帶來的便利多於單光和雙光眼鏡。另一方面, 現今新一代的漸進眼鏡的設計經過改良, 視野變得更寬闊的同時亦較易適應。

隱形眼鏡

對於有老花的隱形眼鏡用家, 他們可以選擇一隻眼配戴看遠度數, 另一隻眼配戴看近度數用來應付不同距離的視力。不過, 這種配戴方法需要放棄雙眼立體視覺, 尤其是當老花中後期時問題更加明顯。隱形眼鏡用家亦可選擇漸進隱形眼鏡, 每一隻眼都可以同時修正看遠和看近的視力。然而, 漸進隱形眼鏡視力受限於周遭環境的光暗, 大部分漸進隱形眼鏡的設計也無法矯正散光。


老花

矯視手術

老花患者可以通過如激光矯視的矯視手術修正老花問題, 手術的原理類似隱形眼鏡的做法 — 一隻眼矯正看遠度數, 另一隻眼矯正看近度數。另外一個做法是雙眼均通過手術留下小量近視, 以致看近視力尚不太差, 但同時看遠視力會有點模糊, 有機會需要額外配戴看遠和看近眼鏡。同一時間, 矯視手術不同配戴隱形眼鏡, 它是一個不可還原的過程。接受手術的患者需要承擔手術風險, 包括度數矯正不足或過正、引發散光和度數回彈等。一般建議患者接受老花矯視手術前應該先試戴隱形眼鏡, 先行感受手術後度數效果。

無論選擇甚麼方法矯正老花問題, 應都記得預約您的眼科視光師, 最少每年一次進行全面眼睛檢查。

註冊眼科視光師(第一部份) 鄧光佑


以上護眼資訊由瑞士寶視光中心提供

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