醫用弱視 / 斜視專項鏡

弱視 / 斜視的關係

特定製光學棱鏡在弱視和斜視的復康中有廣泛的應用。特定製光學稜鏡可以通過改變光綫的方向和路徑,幫助弱視患者和斜視患者重新建立完整的雙眼視覺功能。

弱視(Amblyopia)

是一種視覺發育障礙,常見於兒童。它通常由於視網膜像差、屈光不正、斜視或視網膜偏移等問題引起,在度數足矯的情況下,仍未能達致正常視力水平(即Decimal 0.8或以上)。

斜視(Strabismus)

是一種眼球運動協調障礙,導致雙眼無法同時對焦在同一目標上。 患有斜視的人在專注於物體時,兩眼無法正確對齊並指向同一方向。其中一隻眼睛可能會向內、向外、向上或向下轉動,而另一隻眼睛則會直視前方。 斜視可能從出生時就存在,也可能在生命中的後期發展。通常斜視是由於控制眼球運動的肌肉協調不良所引起的,這可能導致一隻眼睛比另一隻眼睛更強或更弱,造成眼睛的錯位。

 

相互影響

斜視和弱視通常在兒童早期發生,並且它們可能共同存在,它們之間還可以相互影響和加重。其他可能導致斜視的因素包括遺傳、神經問題、某些醫療條件和眼部受傷。

如果不加以治療,斜視可能導致視力問題,包括弱視(懶眼),即大腦偏好其中一隻眼睛而忽視另一隻眼睛,它還可能導致深度知覺問題以及協調和平衡困難。

共同治療

由於斜視和弱視之間的關聯性,當一個兒童被診斷出斜視時,通常也會進行弱視檢查和治療。

因為弱視可能會妨礙斜視治療的效果,所以在進行斜視手術或其他治療時,同時進行弱視治療是非常重要的。

需要指出的是,斜視和弱視也可以獨立存在,並且並非所有斜視患者都有弱視問題,反之亦然。然而,由於它們之間的關聯性和相互影響,對於患有斜視的兒童或弱視的患者,定期進行眼睛檢查並及早治療是非常重要的,以確保視覺的正常發展和功能。


特定製光學棱鏡在弱視 / 斜視復康上的應用

弱視復康方法

一般透過視覺訓練,通過配戴度數光學鏡片視力矯正或眼睛遮蓋辦法,改善視力。

斜視復康方法

眼球運動訓練:
改善斜視眼睛的運動協調性和對焦能力,這可以配合棱鏡使用,通過追蹤運動、視線轉移和對焦練習等方法實現。

棱鏡訓練治療:
對於兒童或先天輕至中度斜視患者,稜鏡可以用於視覺訓練,以幫助改善眼睛之間的協調。通過在眼鏡中添加特定的棱鏡片,可以改變視覺路徑,引導眼睛正確地對焦和對齊。這有助於鼓勵患者使用兩只眼睛協同工作,從而改善斜視症狀。

斜視手術:
對於某些斜視患者,當斜視幅度過大,未能用眼球運動訓練改善,需要斜視手術來矯正眼球運動的不協調性。

手術可以調整眼外肌的張力和位置,使眼球能夠正確對焦和對齊。 在成年人身上,如出現後天或突發性的斜視,絕大部份情況都不能靠手術或眼球運動訓練矯正。

後天性斜視

成人後天出現斜視,這可能是由於肌肉無力、眼球運動不協調、視神經損傷、眼部手術或其他眼睛疾病引起的,例如:中風、頭部創傷或神經性疾病可能會導致斜視的出現。

抗眼肌

長期使用某些藥物,特別是一些抗生素、肌肉松弛劑或抗癲癇藥物,可能會導致斜視。

棱鏡測試

這是驗配光學棱鏡的關鍵步驟。專業人員會使用不同值或方向的棱鏡片將光線引導到你的眼睛,並觀察眼球的反應。

這有助於確定是否需要使用光學棱鏡來矯正斜視或其他視覺問題。

視覺矯正

在視覺系統不協調或視覺敏感度差異的情況下,通過使用特定度數的棱鏡片,可以調整兩只眼睛之間的視覺差異,引導斜視眼睛對焦在正確的目標上,使其能夠更好地協同工作,這可以幫助改善視力質量和視覺功能。


一般而言,後天或突發性斜視眼睛,可能存在視覺偏移,即視覺軸偏離正確位置。 可利用光學棱鏡矯正這種視覺偏移,幫助斜視眼睛重新建立正確的視覺對焦, 從而改善斜視問題。


外斜視的情况,一般會在非正位眼睛前加上底朝內棱鏡

內斜視的情况,一般會在非正位眼睛前加上底朝外棱鏡

棱鏡一般能同時結合所需的屈光度數生產,也可以獨自生產。

棱鏡是矯正斜視的眾多辦方法之一,可獨立或結合其他方法使用。 每個患者的情況是獨特的,最適合的復康方法可能會有所不同。 因此,建議在專業的眼科醫生或視覺專家的指導下進行評估和制定個性化的 復康計劃,以確保最佳的結果。

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