斜視/隱性斜視

斜視/隱性斜視

斜視常被稱為「鬥雞眼」

原因

每隻眼睛被六條不同的肌肉包圍,它們好像「一個團隊」般合作,讓兩隻眼睛可以對焦在對同一個物像。

患有斜視的人,因為這些肌肉不協調工作,所以一隻眼睛看著一個物像時,而另一隻眼睛卻轉向不同的方向並聚焦在另一個物像。

如果發生這種情況,兩個不同的圖像被發送到大腦,每隻眼睛一個,會混淆了大腦。在兒童中,大腦可以學習忽略弱眼的圖像。

但如果斜視不及時治療,被大腦忽略的眼睛則可能永遠不能看得清楚。這情況稱為弱視。弱視的另一個名字是「懶惰眼」。有時候,弱視會先出現,然後它會導致斜視。

大多數小兒斜視,病因不明。在半數以上的情況,這個問題是發生於出生時或出生後不久。這就是所謂的先天性斜視。

大多數時候,這個問題與眼球肌肉控制有關,而不是與肌肉力量相關。

症狀

斜視的症狀可以在所有的時間出現,或可能間歇性出現。 症狀可包括:

  • 鬥雞眼
  • 複視
  • 眼睛不在同一方向對齊
  • 不協調的眼球運動(眼睛不同步運動)
  • 視覺或景深認知度的損失

要注意的是,因為孩子們的弱視能夠迅速發展,他們可能永遠不會有斜視。

治療

如果需要的話,在治療兒童斜視的第一步是驗配眼鏡。

必須首先處理弱視或懶惰眼。好眼睛被膠布遮蓋,這能迫使患者用更多較弱的眼睛。

你的孩子可能不喜歡戴眼鏡或用遮眼膠布。用膠布遮眼可強制孩子用較弱的眼睛。然而,遵從眼科專業人員的指示使用遮眼膠布貼片或眼鏡是非常重要的。

如果斜視情況仍然未有隨著弱視情況改善,可能需要進行手術治療。眼睛周圍不同的肌肉在眼將因手術變得更強或更弱。

眼部肌肉修復手術不能解決的懶惰眼的視力問題。一個孩子可能在手術後戴眼鏡。在一般情況下,兒童在越年輕時完成手術,效果越好。

發生在成人的斜視,一般可以透過眼鏡和眼部肌肉的練習,以幫助保持眼睛協調。

成人若患有更嚴重的斜視,將需要以手術形式拉直眼睛。如果發生斜視,是因為視力下降,需要在進行斜視手術之前,先挽救喪失的視力。


資料來源:U.S. National Library of Medicine

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