黃斑點病變

黃斑點病變

老年黃斑病變(AMD)是影響視網膜上黃斑點區的退化性疾病。 AMD的會導致中央視力在無痛楚感覺情況下受損,但未必會導致視力完全喪失。

老年黃斑病變(AMD)主要影響中央視力,即當你正在注視的物象,例如,當你正在閱讀,看照片或看電視,會有視覺失真或模糊的情況,如果在一段時間內沒接受適當處理,它可能會導致你的中心視力永久受損。

原因

現在,對於AMD的確切成因尚不清楚。有些因素被定為是提高AMD的機會:

  • 年齡:老年黃斑病變(AMD)的發生率隨著人們年齡增長而上升,雖然在40多歲和50歲的人身上也曾發生,但最常出現在年齡超過 65 歲的人身上。
  • 性別:患有 AMD 的女性多於男性,可能是因為女性往往比男性更長壽。
  • 基因:基因:一些人體基因已被確認到與老年黃斑病變的發展有關。這項發現是通過觀察有 AMD 家庭成員病例而推斷出來的,但不是所有的 AMD 被認為是遺傳的。
  • 吸煙:吸煙大大增加你患 AMD 的機會。研究還表明,戒煙可以降低你患 AMD 的危險。
  • 陽光:一些研究表明,暴露在高水平的太陽光(特別是太陽光中的紫外線)可能會增加你患 AMD 的危險。戴太陽鏡,以保護眼睛不受紫外線的傷害是一個好的預防措施。
  • 飲食:一些研究著眼於飲食對於誘發 AMD 的可能。直到現在,沒有共識所謂的危險飲食因素是如何。有一些證據表明,維生素 A 、 C 和 E、鋅有助於延緩 AMD 患者的病情惡化。

雖然你不能改變你的年齡或基因,目前的理想預防方法是,保護你的眼睛免受太陽光照射,均衡飲食,充足的新鮮水果和蔬菜,戒煙可能都有助於保持你的眼睛健康。

不幸的是,由於 AMD 的確切原因尚不清楚,即使你沒有任何這些風險因素,你都可能出現這種情況。

症狀

不同的症狀因人而異,但通常人們首先注意到的問題是他們是否能夠看到物象細節。即使你配戴老花鏡,你可能閱讀小字有困難,或者你可能會發現在你的視線內,或者你的對焦區域中有一個小的模糊區域的中心被略微遮蓋。直線可能看起來失真或扭曲。

你可能還會發現你變得光線敏感,或者你在環境中看到實在的形狀和燈光。有時,人們可能只注意到一隻眼睛有這些變化。

如果:

  • 您發現即使你配戴老花鏡,仍然對閱讀小字感到困難
  • 直線可能看起來失真或扭曲
  • 視力並不像以前那樣明亮清晰
  • 你應該找驗光師作全面眼睛檢查

驗光師將能夠檢查您的視力,並評估你的眼睛 / 眼底健康狀況。如果他們發現有任何黃斑病變徵兆,他們將轉介到眼科醫生作進一步檢查及跟進。


資料來源:皇家失明人研究所

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